I have a new instance, set with "public access", and I believe I have verified the VPC, subnet, Internet Gateway, etc. setup to allow access from the outside. Please see the screenshots below. However, I'm still unable to connect to the DB from the outside (VS Studio, Node, via Terminal, etc.) - Any help/guidance would be greatly appreciated.
RDS Instance settings
VPC
Route table
VPC Subnets
Subnet details
Network ACL
Thanks for providing the information on SG.
The problem is in the SG. The default SG's inbound rule allows all connections from sources assigned to the same SG. To allow connections from your PC, you must add a setting to the inbound rules to allow connections from your IP address.
If you select "My IP" in the Source Type, you can allow connections from the IP address you are connecting to the AWS management console.