¿Cómo puedo instalar un paquete de software desde la biblioteca Extras en una instancia de EC2 que ejecuta AL2?

Solución

Nota: La siguiente resolución se aplica solo a las instancias que se ejecutan en AL2. No puedes utilizar los siguientes pasos de resolución para las instancias que se ejecutan en Amazon Linux 2023 (AL2023).

Para instalar un paquete de software, sigue estos pasos:

1. Usa SSH para conectarte a tu instancia de Amazon EC2 de Linux.

2. Para comprobar si has instalado el paquete amazon-linux-extras, ejecuta el siguiente comando:

   rpm -qa |grep -i amazon-linux-extras

   Si el paquete amazon-linux-extras no está instalado, ejecuta el siguiente comando para instalar el paquete:

   sudo yum install -y amazon-linux-extras

3. Para ver una lista de todos los temas y versiones disponibles, ejecuta el siguiente comando:

   amazon-linux-extras  

   Resultado de ejemplo:

   $ amazon-linux-extras  
   2  httpd_modules            available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
     3  memcached1.5             available    \
           [ =1.5.1  =1.5.16  =1.5.17 ]
     9  R3.4                     available    [ =3.4.3  =stable ]
    10  rust1                    available    \
           [ =1.22.1  =1.26.0  =1.26.1  =1.27.2  =1.31.0  =1.38.0
             =stable ]
    18  libreoffice              available    \
           [ =5.0.6.2_15  =5.3.6.1  =stable ]
    19  gimp                     available    [ =2.8.22 ]
    20 †docker=latest            enabled      \
           [ =17.12.1  =18.03.1  =18.06.1  =18.09.9  =stable ]
    21  mate-desktop1.x          available    \
           [ =1.19.0  =1.20.0  =stable ]
    22  GraphicsMagick1.3        available    \
           [ =1.3.29  =1.3.32  =1.3.34  =stable ]
    23 †tomcat8.5                available    \
           [ =8.5.31  =8.5.32  =8.5.38  =8.5.40  =8.5.42  =8.5.50
             =stable ]
    24  epel                     available    [ =7.11  =stable ]
    25  testing                  available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
    26  ecs                      available    [ =stable ]
    27 †corretto8                available    \
           [ =1.8.0_192  =1.8.0_202  =1.8.0_212  =1.8.0_222  =1.8.0_232
             =1.8.0_242  =stable ]
    32  lustre2.10               available    \
           [ =2.10.5  =2.10.8  =stable ]
    33 †java-openjdk11           available    [ =11  =stable ]
    34  lynis                    available    [ =stable ]
    36  BCC                      available    [ =0.x  =stable ]
    37  mono                     available    [ =5.x  =stable ]
    38  nginx1                   available    [ =stable ]
    40  mock                     available    [ =stable ]
    43  livepatch                available    [ =stable ]
    44 †python3.8                available    [ =stable ]
    45  haproxy2                 available    [ =stable ]
    46  collectd                 available    [ =stable ]
    47  aws-nitro-enclaves-cli   available    [ =stable ]
    48  R4                       available    [ =stable ]
     _  kernel-5.4               available    [ =stable ]
    50  selinux-ng               available    [ =stable ]
    52  tomcat9                  available    [ =stable ]
    53  unbound1.13              available    [ =stable ]
    54 †mariadb10.5              available    [ =stable ]
    55  kernel-5.10=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    56  redis6                   available    [ =stable ]
    57 †ruby3.0                  available    [ =stable ]
    58 †postgresql12             available    [ =stable ]
    59 †postgresql13             available    [ =stable ]
    60  mock2                    available    [ =stable ]
    61  dnsmasq2.85=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    62  kernel-5.15              available    [ =stable ]
    63 †postgresql14             available    [ =stable ]
    64  firefox                  available    [ =stable ]
    65  lustre                   available    [ =stable ]
    66 †php8.1=latest            enabled      [ =stable ]
    67  awscli1                  available    [ =stable ]
     _ †php8.2                   available    [ =stable ]
     _  dnsmasq                  available    [ =stable ]
    70  unbound1.17              available    [ =stable ]
    72  collectd-python3         available    [ =stable ]
   † Note on end-of-support. Use 'info' subcommand.

   Nota: AWS actualiza periódicamente el repositorio de la biblioteca Extras.

4. Para activar el tema que deseas usar, ejecuta el siguiente comando:

   sudo amazon-linux-extras enable php8.1

   Nota: Sustituye php8.1 por el nombre del tema.
   Resultado de ejemplo:

   $ sudo amazon-linux-extras enable php8
   .1Topic php8.1 has end-of-support date of 2024-11-25
     2  httpd_modules            available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
     3  memcached1.5             available    \
           [ =1.5.1  =1.5.16  =1.5.17 ]
     9  R3.4                     available    [ =3.4.3  =stable ]
    10  rust1                    available    \
           [ =1.22.1  =1.26.0  =1.26.1  =1.27.2  =1.31.0  =1.38.0
             =stable ]
    18  libreoffice              available    \
           [ =5.0.6.2_15  =5.3.6.1  =stable ]
    19  gimp                     available    [ =2.8.22 ]
    20 †docker=latest            enabled      \
           [ =17.12.1  =18.03.1  =18.06.1  =18.09.9  =stable ]
    21  mate-desktop1.x          available    \
           [ =1.19.0  =1.20.0  =stable ]
    22  GraphicsMagick1.3        available    \
           [ =1.3.29  =1.3.32  =1.3.34  =stable ]
    23 †tomcat8.5                available    \
           [ =8.5.31  =8.5.32  =8.5.38  =8.5.40  =8.5.42  =8.5.50
             =stable ]
    24  epel                     available    [ =7.11  =stable ]
    25  testing                  available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
    26  ecs                      available    [ =stable ]
    27 †corretto8                available    \
           [ =1.8.0_192  =1.8.0_202  =1.8.0_212  =1.8.0_222  =1.8.0_232
             =1.8.0_242  =stable ]
    32  lustre2.10               available    \
           [ =2.10.5  =2.10.8  =stable ]
    33 †java-openjdk11           available    [ =11  =stable ]
    34  lynis                    available    [ =stable ]
    36  BCC                      available    [ =0.x  =stable ]
    37  mono                     available    [ =5.x  =stable ]
    38  nginx1                   available    [ =stable ]
    40  mock                     available    [ =stable ]
    43  livepatch                available    [ =stable ]
    44 †python3.8                available    [ =stable ]
    45  haproxy2                 available    [ =stable ]
    46  collectd                 available    [ =stable ]
    47  aws-nitro-enclaves-cli   available    [ =stable ]
    48  R4                       available    [ =stable ]
     _  kernel-5.4               available    [ =stable ]
    50  selinux-ng               available    [ =stable ]
    52  tomcat9                  available    [ =stable ]
    53  unbound1.13              available    [ =stable ]
    54 †mariadb10.5              available    [ =stable ]
    55  kernel-5.10=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    56  redis6                   available    [ =stable ]
    57 †ruby3.0                  available    [ =stable ]
    58 †postgresql12             available    [ =stable ]
    59 †postgresql13             available    [ =stable ]
    60  mock2                    available    [ =stable ]
    61  dnsmasq2.85=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    62  kernel-5.15              available    [ =stable ]
    63 †postgresql14             available    [ =stable ]
    64  firefox                  available    [ =stable ]
    65  lustre                   available    [ =stable ]
    66 †php8.1=latest            enabled      [ =stable ]
    67  awscli1                  available    [ =stable ]
     _ †php8.2                   available    [ =stable ]
     _  dnsmasq                  available    [ =stable ]
    70  unbound1.17              available    [ =stable ]
    72  collectd-python3         available    [ =stable ]
   † Note on end-of-support. Use 'info' subcommand.

5. Para instalar los paquetes sobre el tema, ejecuta el siguiente comando:

   sudo yum clean metadata && sudo yum install php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd

   Nota: Sustituye php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd por la list de paquetes de software de tu tema.

6. Para comprobar la instalación, ejecuta el siguiente comando:

   sudo yum list installed php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlndLoaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd

   Nota: Sustituye php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd por la list de paquetes de software de tu tema.
   Resultado de ejemplo:

   $ sudo yum list installed php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlndLoaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd
   Installed Packages
   php-cli.x86_64                                                8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   php-fpm.x86_64                                                8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   php-mysqlnd.x86_64                                            8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   php-pdo.x86_64                                                8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1

7. Para confirmar la versión del software, ejecuta el siguiente comando:

   php --version

   Resultado de ejemplo:

   $ php --version
   PHP 8.1.23 (cli) (built: Sep 15 2023 21:56:29) (NTS)
   Copyright (c) The PHP Group
   Zend Engine v4.1.23, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

Información relacionada

Amazon Linux 2

Preguntas frecuentes sobre Amazon Linux 2023

Búsqueda e instalación de software en una instancia de AL2

Herramienta de administración de paquetes