¿Cómo puedo instalar un paquete de software desde la biblioteca Extras en una instancia de EC2 que ejecuta Amazon Linux 2?
Tengo que crear una instancia de Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) que ejecute Amazon Linux 2. Quiero instalar un paquete de software (tema) desde el repositorio amazon-linux-extras de mi instancia.
Breve descripción
Para instalar un paquete de software desde la biblioteca Extras, primero confirme que el repositorio amazon-linux-extras esté instalado en la instancia. Genere un listado de los paquetes de software disponibles y active el que quiera instalar. A continuación, utilice yum para instalar el paquete.
Nota: Esta solución solo es válida para Amazon Linux 2. Estos pasos no se aplican a Amazon Linux 1 2018.03 ni a Amazon Linux 2023.
Solución
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Utilice SSH para conectarse a su instancia Linux de EC2.
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Utilice el comando rpm para confirmar si el paquete amazon-linux-extras está instalado:
$ rpm -qa |grep -i amazon-linux-extras
Si el paquete amazon-linux-extras no está instalado, utilice yum para instalarlo:
$ sudo yum install -y amazon-linux-extras
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Genere un listado de los temas disponibles. Nota: El repositorio se actualiza periódicamente. Los temas y las versiones que ve pueden diferir de los de la siguiente lista:
$ amazon-linux-extras 2 httpd_modules available [ =1.0 =stable ] 3 memcached1.5 available \ [ =1.5.1 =1.5.16 =1.5.17 ] 9 R3.4 available [ =3.4.3 =stable ] 10 rust1 available \ [ =1.22.1 =1.26.0 =1.26.1 =1.27.2 =1.31.0 =1.38.0 =stable ] 18 libreoffice available \ [ =5.0.6.2_15 =5.3.6.1 =stable ] 19 gimp available [ =2.8.22 ] 20 †docker=latest enabled \ [ =17.12.1 =18.03.1 =18.06.1 =18.09.9 =stable ] 21 mate-desktop1.x available \ [ =1.19.0 =1.20.0 =stable ] 22 GraphicsMagick1.3 available \ [ =1.3.29 =1.3.32 =1.3.34 =stable ] 23 †tomcat8.5 available \ [ =8.5.31 =8.5.32 =8.5.38 =8.5.40 =8.5.42 =8.5.50 =stable ] 24 epel available [ =7.11 =stable ] 25 testing available [ =1.0 =stable ] 26 ecs available [ =stable ] 27 †corretto8 available \ [ =1.8.0_192 =1.8.0_202 =1.8.0_212 =1.8.0_222 =1.8.0_232 =1.8.0_242 =stable ] 32 lustre2.10 available \ [ =2.10.5 =2.10.8 =stable ] 33 †java-openjdk11 available [ =11 =stable ] 34 lynis available [ =stable ] 36 BCC available [ =0.x =stable ] 37 mono available [ =5.x =stable ] 38 nginx1 available [ =stable ] 40 mock available [ =stable ] 43 livepatch available [ =stable ] 44 †python3.8 available [ =stable ] 45 haproxy2 available [ =stable ] 46 collectd available [ =stable ] 47 aws-nitro-enclaves-cli available [ =stable ] 48 R4 available [ =stable ] _ kernel-5.4 available [ =stable ] 50 selinux-ng available [ =stable ] 52 tomcat9 available [ =stable ] 53 unbound1.13 available [ =stable ] 54 †mariadb10.5 available [ =stable ] 55 kernel-5.10=latest enabled [ =stable ] 56 redis6 available [ =stable ] 57 †ruby3.0 available [ =stable ] 58 †postgresql12 available [ =stable ] 59 †postgresql13 available [ =stable ] 60 mock2 available [ =stable ] 61 dnsmasq2.85=latest enabled [ =stable ] 62 kernel-5.15 available [ =stable ] 63 †postgresql14 available [ =stable ] 64 firefox available [ =stable ] 65 lustre available [ =stable ] 66 †php8.1=latest enabled [ =stable ] 67 awscli1 available [ =stable ] _ †php8.2 available [ =stable ] _ dnsmasq available [ =stable ] 70 unbound1.17 available [ =stable ] 72 collectd-python3 available [ =stable ] † Note on end-of-support. Use 'info' subcommand.
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Active el tema deseado. El resultado muestra los comandos necesarios para la instalación. Por ejemplo, utilice el siguiente comando para activar el tema PHP 8.1:
$ sudo amazon-linux-extras enable php8.1 Topic php8.1 has end-of-support date of 2024-11-25 2 httpd_modules available [ =1.0 =stable ] 3 memcached1.5 available \ [ =1.5.1 =1.5.16 =1.5.17 ] 9 R3.4 available [ =3.4.3 =stable ] 10 rust1 available \ [ =1.22.1 =1.26.0 =1.26.1 =1.27.2 =1.31.0 =1.38.0 =stable ] 18 libreoffice available \ [ =5.0.6.2_15 =5.3.6.1 =stable ] 19 gimp available [ =2.8.22 ] 20 †docker=latest enabled \ [ =17.12.1 =18.03.1 =18.06.1 =18.09.9 =stable ] 21 mate-desktop1.x available \ [ =1.19.0 =1.20.0 =stable ] 22 GraphicsMagick1.3 available \ [ =1.3.29 =1.3.32 =1.3.34 =stable ] 23 †tomcat8.5 available \ [ =8.5.31 =8.5.32 =8.5.38 =8.5.40 =8.5.42 =8.5.50 =stable ] 24 epel available [ =7.11 =stable ] 25 testing available [ =1.0 =stable ] 26 ecs available [ =stable ] 27 †corretto8 available \ [ =1.8.0_192 =1.8.0_202 =1.8.0_212 =1.8.0_222 =1.8.0_232 =1.8.0_242 =stable ] 32 lustre2.10 available \ [ =2.10.5 =2.10.8 =stable ] 33 †java-openjdk11 available [ =11 =stable ] 34 lynis available [ =stable ] 36 BCC available [ =0.x =stable ] 37 mono available [ =5.x =stable ] 38 nginx1 available [ =stable ] 40 mock available [ =stable ] 43 livepatch available [ =stable ] 44 †python3.8 available [ =stable ] 45 haproxy2 available [ =stable ] 46 collectd available [ =stable ] 47 aws-nitro-enclaves-cli available [ =stable ] 48 R4 available [ =stable ] _ kernel-5.4 available [ =stable ] 50 selinux-ng available [ =stable ] 52 tomcat9 available [ =stable ] 53 unbound1.13 available [ =stable ] 54 †mariadb10.5 available [ =stable ] 55 kernel-5.10=latest enabled [ =stable ] 56 redis6 available [ =stable ] 57 †ruby3.0 available [ =stable ] 58 †postgresql12 available [ =stable ] 59 †postgresql13 available [ =stable ] 60 mock2 available [ =stable ] 61 dnsmasq2.85=latest enabled [ =stable ] 62 kernel-5.15 available [ =stable ] 63 †postgresql14 available [ =stable ] 64 firefox available [ =stable ] 65 lustre available [ =stable ] 66 †php8.1=latest enabled [ =stable ] 67 awscli1 available [ =stable ] _ †php8.2 available [ =stable ] _ dnsmasq available [ =stable ] 70 unbound1.17 available [ =stable ] 72 collectd-python3 available [ =stable ] † Note on end-of-support. Use 'info' subcommand.
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Use yum para instalar los paquetes. Por ejemplo, para instalar el tema PHP 8.1, utilice el siguiente comando:
$ sudo yum clean metadata && sudo yum install php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd
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Utilice el siguiente comando para comprobar la instalación y confirmar la versión del software:
$ sudo yum list installed php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd Loaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd Installed Packages php-cli.x86_64 8.1.23-1.amzn2 @amzn2extra-php8.1 php-fpm.x86_64 8.1.23-1.amzn2 @amzn2extra-php8.1 php-mysqlnd.x86_64 8.1.23-1.amzn2 @amzn2extra-php8.1 php-pdo.x86_64 8.1.23-1.amzn2 @amzn2extra-php8.1 $ php --version PHP 8.1.23 (cli) (built: Sep 15 2023 21:56:29) (NTS) Copyright (c) The PHP Group Zend Engine v4.1.23, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
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