Running an executable program on AWS

There are a lot of ways to do this but let's start with the basics:

Create an EC2 instance in a VPC; make sure that you can access it (RDP or SSH - Windows or Linux); upload your code to it; put a S3 Gateway Endpoint in the VPC (because it's a good idea - trust me); give the instance a role that allows it to access S3. You may find that Mountpoint for S3 is handy if you're running Linux.

And you're done. There's a lot of ground there but there are plenty of tutorials around the place to guide you through those steps.

Later, you might consider using a container (ECS, EKS, Fargate); or even use Lambda. These are generally going to be lower cost but may require to to customise the code somewhat and there may be limitations on code size (because "large" is not a number I can't provide any more specific advice than that).