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No, it's not possible to assign an Elastic IP address to an instance directly. There is a 1:1 NAT operation that is provided by the Internet Gateway in your VPC that maps between the Elastic IP address and the private IP address.
The filtering mechanism between the internet and your instance is a Security Group - to allow traffic to your instance (in this case the virtual router); allow the appropriate protocols and ports in the security group.
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AWS 공식업데이트됨 일 년 전
but why aws it not allowed to have the public ip directly in the virtual router??? It is something very strange for me, in digital ocean by default it is that way
That's just the way it works in AWS. Instances in a VPC have a private IP address. They can be assigned a public/elastic IP which is handled by doing 1:1 NAT at the Internet Gateway.