how to connect ec2 hard disk or EBS to local laptop

To access files from an EC2 instance's EBS volume on your local laptop, you'll need to follow these steps since EBS volumes cannot be directly connected to your local machine:

1. Start another EC2 instance (or restart your original instance if possible)

2. Attach the EBS volume to this running instance through the AWS Console:

• Open the Amazon EC2 console
• Navigate to "Volumes" in the sidebar
• Select your volume and choose "Actions" > "Attach volume"
• Select the instance and specify a device name
• Click "Attach volume"

3. Connect to your EC2 instance:

• For Linux instances: Use SSH with your private key (.pem file)
• For Windows instances: Use Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

4. Mount the volume on your EC2 instance:

• For Linux: Use commands to mount the volume to a directory
• For Windows: Use Disk Management utility to bring the volume online

5. Once mounted, you can access the files and transfer them to your local machine using:

• An FTP client like FileZilla or WinSCP
• Or upload the files to Amazon S3 first, then download them to your local machine

This approach is necessary because EBS volumes are designed to be attached to EC2 instances within AWS, not directly to local computers.
Sources
Obtaining files/data from Stopped EC2 Instance or the attached volumes (Elastic Block Store) | AWS re:Post
Attach an Amazon EBS volume to an Amazon EC2 instance - Amazon EBS
Community | How to connect EC2 instance with windows OS ?
Make an Amazon EBS volume available for use - Amazon EBS