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IOs occur whenever the database needs to fetch data from the underlying storage layer, plus there is a low number of IOs caused by periodic pings. The majority of IOs typically happen (a) during the data loading process and (b) when querying databases where the database does not entirely fit into main memory. Conversely, this means that querying is free of IO cost if your data (or the portion of the data touched during querying) fits into the portion of the memory that is dedicated for buffering data.
CloudWatch offers you two metrics, VolumeReadIOPS and VolumeWriteIOPS, that allows to understand and monitor IO cost. If you’re seeing consistently high IO during query execution it may become beneficial to switch to a larger instance type (but in your case, an overall of <1B IOs per month seems fairly low). I would recommend monitoring these metrics as you develop and run benchmarks for your application.
If you would like to get support in looking at your queries that are causing IOs in more detail please reach out to our support team with your cluster ID. We’d be happy to help.
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