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If you are running the application in containers but have a 1-to-1 mapping of app to host, then maybe it would be a lot easier to run the application on the host, without the container layer, and use something like code-deploy to roll out new versions and such.
However, if you want to stick to containers, I think that K8s here would be way too overkill. ECS However, is very straightforward.
You could create a capacity provider in ECS, which will use an ASG, which itself would use a Launch Template for example. In that Launch template, you can then pre-define the EBS mounts that you need, script attachment as needed if your disks are to be persisted separately from the EC2 instance. Then to ensure your application alone runs on these hosts, just set the Capacity Provider of your ECS service to be the only one using that Capacity Provider. Otherwise, if you are happy to share the hosts with other workloads, you can define a placement strategy or just use the "DAEMON" mode which will run 1 container per host, but only the one.
Otherwise, if the reason for having these EBS disks is IOps, and not having a huge storage (>200GB) then you can easily have 1 task per host with AWS Fargate. In fargate you get a NVMe drive with 21 GB for free, and you can go up to 200GB. And you don't pay for these IOps, whereas you probably are for your GP2/GP3 or IO EBS disks.
If you need persistence of the disks beyond the lifespan of the container, then EC2 is your only option indeed. EFS probably won't have the performances you'd need.
As for doing all that, given that you use docker-compose, I'd recommend you keep that. It is very well known, dev friendly, and there are a few tools out there that can make it easy to deploy from "compose to ECS", such as ECS Compose-X
I haven't yet had a use-case "submitted" like yours, but if you are willing, hit me up on Slack to see what to change to your compose file to simplify the deployment for you and have that added to my test cases :)
Just as an anticipation of what I think you'd need to make it work
- x-ecs.CapacityProviders
- Fargate ephemeral storage **If Fargate is in the cards.
PS: Although I do love ansible, I'd recommend not to have 1 image with configuration for each environment, and instead rely on env vars / SSM parameters or even a files configuration side-car.
Thank you very much for such an extensive answer! That's a lot to consume :) I will need to do some deep digging and see what is best for us. Compose-X looks interesting too
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It would be helpful to know the type of workload each of these docker containers is processing. Reasons could be either memory/cpu/network/ebs throughput that you run only one container per instance. For modernizing infrastructure often a good look is needed at the architecture of the application too.