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The inconsistent behavior you're experiencing with API Gateway SSL connections is not uncommon and can be attributed to several factors. Let's address your questions and provide some insights:
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Inconsistency in AWS API Gateway load balancing: While it's possible that load balancing could contribute to the inconsistency, it's unlikely to be the primary cause of the SSL negotiation issues you're seeing. API Gateway is designed to handle SSL/TLS connections consistently across its infrastructure.
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Familiarity with this error: The error you're encountering is indeed a known issue that can occur with API Gateway, particularly when dealing with SSL/TLS connections and mTLS (mutual TLS) setups.
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Bypassing the error:
To address and potentially bypass this error, consider the following approaches:
a) Certificate chain verification: Ensure that the backend (Lambda in your case) is providing a complete certificate chain, including intermediate certificates. API Gateway expects the certificate chain to be intact, containing the root CA, intermediate CAs, and the parent certificate details.
b) Certificate validity: Verify that all certificates in use are valid and not expired. API Gateway performs strict certificate validation during the SSL handshake.
c) TLS version compatibility: Your tests show negotiations happening with both TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3. Ensure that your client supports both versions consistently. API Gateway now supports TLS 1.3, which offers improved performance and security.
d) Client certificate rotation: If you're using client certificates for mTLS, ensure they are rotated before expiration. API Gateway-generated client certificates are valid for 365 days and need to be rotated to avoid downtime.
e) Error handling: Implement proper error handling in your Lambda function to catch and format errors correctly. This can help provide more meaningful error responses instead of generic 500 or 502 errors from API Gateway.
f) Retry mechanism: Implement a retry mechanism in your client code to handle temporary connection issues. This can help mitigate intermittent SSL negotiation failures.
g) Check for certificate conflicts: Ensure there are no conflicts between multiple certificates with the same subject but different issuers. This can cause issues with mTLS setups.
h) API Gateway settings: Review your API Gateway settings, particularly those related to SSL/TLS and client certificate handling. Ensure they are configured correctly for your use case.
i) CloudWatch Logs: Enable detailed CloudWatch logging for your API Gateway to gain more insights into the specific SSL/TLS errors occurring during these failed connections.
By systematically addressing these points, you should be able to identify the root cause of the inconsistent behavior and either resolve it or implement a workaround to bypass the errors you're experiencing.
Sources
Troubleshoot API Gateway errors with backend SSL certificates | AWS re:Post
Handling Lambda errors with an API Gateway API - AWS Lambda
API Gateway now supports TLS 1.3
Resolve mTLS certificate subject conflicts in API Gateway | AWS re:Post
Generate and configure an SSL certificate for backend authentication in API Gateway - Amazon API Gateway
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