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DNS works on an "eventually consistent" model. When you change the MX record, some mail servers will pick up the change immediately; others will take longer depending on the TTL that you have assigned to the MX record. In the transition period, mail might be delivered to either destination.
To minimise downtime, set the TTL on the MX record to a low number (say, 30 seconds or 2 minutes - whatever is good for you). Make sure that you do this ahead of your change and at a time which is longer than the current TTL. If your TTL is one day right now, make this change more than one day in advanced to give DNS time to propagate.
After you've moved to WorkMail you can increase the TTL again.
For future readers, please note that WorkMail covers the cost for the migration tools provided by Transend and Audriga. More info here: https://aws.amazon.com/workmail/features/
These companies can also assist with migration consultation to help you navigate the kind of logistics raised by this question. Please reach out to Transend or Audriga for more information about their services, pricing, etc.
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