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Hi There
Amazon EBS provides the following volume types: General Purpose SSD (gp2 and gp3), Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1 and io2), Throughput Optimized HDD (st1), Cold HDD (sc1), and Magnetic (standard). They differ in performance characteristics and price, allowing you to tailor your storage performance and cost to the needs of your applications. For more information, see (Amazon EBS volume types)[https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ebs-volume-types.html].
EFS Standard and Standard-IA storage classes are regional storage classes that are designed to provide continuous availability to data, even when one or more Availability Zones in an AWS Region are unavailable. They offer the highest levels of availability and durability by storing file system data and metadata redundantly across multiple geographically separated Availability Zones within a Region. See https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/storage-classes.html
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Hello Matt-B, thanks for responding to my query with that wonderful information. If I'm understanding your reply correctly, you are stating that there are storage classes for EFS (Standard and Standard-IA_. Regarding EBS, I noticed that you referred to the different offerings as "volume types", and not "storage classes". That prompts this question, are volume types and storage classes synonymous terms?
I think there are similarities and differences in the 2 terms, which is why its best not to get too caught up in different terminologies. This gets even more confusing as you look at other providers as well, because they tend to use their own terminologies that mean different things. Its much more important to select a service based on your use case and requirements.
With that said, think of Storage Classes more like "tiers" (ex. Hot, warm, cold). With storage classes, you get to choose different classes based on your access patterns and balance availability with cost. Here is a really good chart that shows the differences across all of the classes. https://aws.amazon.com/s3/storage-classes/#Performance_across_the_S3_Storage_Classes
With EBS, you are really just choosing different volume types based on the i/o performance you need (magnetic vs SSD)