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The timing for RDS to release database patches and updates varies based on the specific patch, testing required, and prioritization across multiple engine versions. But generally:
- Critical security patches are applied within days after being published by the database vendor. These are highest priority.
- High priority bug fixes and patches are usually made available in the next Monthly RDS Update (RU) after being published by the vendor. RUs happen around the first week of each month typically.
- Lower priority patches may take 2-3 RUs to be incorporated and tested by AWS.
If a critical patch is needed sooner, you can also open an AWS Support case to request higher priority. But in general, allow 1-2 RUs for non-critical vendor patches to be incorporated into RDS. Security fixes are applied much quicker.
To give more information regarding one-off patching for RDS Oracle databases, as mentioned in the below document https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/OracleReleaseNotes/Welcome.html, RDS oracle don't support applying one-off patches to individual DB instances.
If the patches are part of the PSU/RU bundle it can be applied as soon as it is available in RDS Oracle through patch automation. For example, if we look for Oracle 19c version, July 23 RU patch is already available to be applied in par with Oracle vendor latest RU patch https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/OracleReleaseNotes/oracle-version-19-0.html
There is another RDS Oracle offering as RDS Custom which grants access to apply Custom One-Off Patches as mentioned in the Doc - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/rds-custom.html, but please be aware that this offering does not have all the automation capabilities as RDS oracle - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/custom-reqs-limits.html
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Thanks. What if the classification is General? As per Oracle site, General: A patch which is not in any other classification. Typically these are one-off patches which solve a specific business issue for a customer.