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如何在 Ubuntu 或 RHEL AMI 上安裝 CloudFormation 協助程式指令碼？
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我想要為 Ubuntu 或 Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) Amazon Machine Image (AMI) 安裝 AWS CloudFormation 協助程式指令碼。
解決方法
若要在啟動過程中為 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS、Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 和 RHEL 9 AMI 安裝 CloudFormation 協助程式指令碼，請使用範本。
請參閱 CloudFormation 協助程式指令碼參考，取得 aws-cfn-bootstrap 套件的最新二進位檔案。
使用執行個體的 UserData 屬性，然後下載並安裝 AMI 的指令碼。對於 cfn-hup /lib/systemd/system/cfn-hup.service，建立 cfn-hup 組態檔、cfn-hup 勾點和 systemd 檔案。若要在 systemd 中啟動服務，請使用命令鍵來啟動該服務。
範本範例：
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09" Description: Installing Cloudformation helper scripts in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Parameters: KeyName: Description: Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instance Type: AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName Version: Description: Ubuntu release version Type: String AllowedValues: - ubuntu2004 - ubuntu2204 - Rhel9 InstanceType: Description: WebServer EC2 instance type Type: String AllowedValues: - t1.micro - t2.nano - t2.micro - t2.small - t2.medium - t2.large - m1.small - m1.medium - m1.large - m1.xlarge - m2.xlarge - m2.2xlarge - m2.4xlarge - m3.medium - m3.large - m3.xlarge - m3.2xlarge - m4.large - m4.xlarge - m4.2xlarge - m4.4xlarge - m4.10xlarge - c1.medium - c1.xlarge - c3.large - c3.xlarge - c3.2xlarge - c3.4xlarge - c3.8xlarge - c4.large - c4.xlarge - c4.2xlarge - c4.4xlarge - c4.8xlarge - r3.large - r3.xlarge - r3.2xlarge - r3.4xlarge - r3.8xlarge - i2.xlarge - i2.2xlarge - i2.4xlarge - i2.8xlarge - d2.xlarge - d2.2xlarge - d2.4xlarge - d2.8xlarge - hs1.8xlarge - cr1.8xlarge - cc2.8xlarge Default: t2.small ConstraintDescription: must be a valid EC2 instance type. SSHLocation: Description: The IP address range that can be used to SSH to the EC2 instances Type: String Default: 0.0.0.0/0 MinLength: "9" MaxLength: "18" AllowedPattern: (\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})/(\d{1,2}) ConstraintDescription: must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x. SubnetId: Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id Conditions: ubuntu2004Version: !Equals - !Ref 'Version' - ubuntu2004 ubuntu2204Version: !Equals - !Ref 'Version' - ubuntu2204 RHEL9Version: !Equals - !Ref 'Version' - Rhel9 notrhel: !Not [!Equals [!Ref Version, Rhel9]] Mappings: AWSRegionArch2004AMI: us-east-1: HVM64: ami-0149b2da6ceec4bb0 us-west-2: HVM64: ami-0c09c7eb16d3e8e70 us-west-1: HVM64: ami-03f6d497fceb40069 eu-west-1: HVM64: ami-0fd8802f94ed1c969 eu-west-2: HVM64: ami-04842bc62789b682e eu-west-3: HVM64: ami-064736ff8301af3ee eu-central-1: HVM64: ami-06148e0e81e5187c8 ap-northeast-1: HVM64: ami-09b18720cb71042df ap-northeast-2: HVM64: ami-07d16c043aa8e5153 ap-northeast-3: HVM64: ami-09d2f3a31110c6ad4 ap-southeast-1: HVM64: ami-00e912d13fbb4f225 ap-southeast-2: HVM64: ami-055166f8a8041fbf1 ap-south-1: HVM64: ami-024c319d5d14b463e us-east-2: HVM64: ami-0d5bf08bc8017c83b ca-central-1: HVM64: ami-043a72cf696697251 sa-east-1: HVM64: ami-00742e66d44c13cd9 AWSRegionArch2204AMI: us-east-1: HVM64: ami-08c40ec9ead489470 us-west-2: HVM64: ami-017fecd1353bcc96e us-west-1: HVM64: ami-02ea247e531eb3ce6 eu-west-1: HVM64: ami-096800910c1b781ba eu-west-2: HVM64: ami-0f540e9f488cfa27d eu-west-3: HVM64: ami-0493936afbe820b28 eu-central-1: HVM64: ami-0caef02b518350c8b ap-northeast-1: HVM64: ami-03f4fa076d2981b45 ap-northeast-2: HVM64: ami-0e9bfdb247cc8de84 ap-northeast-3: HVM64: ami-08c2ee02329b72f26 ap-southeast-1: HVM64: ami-07651f0c4c315a529 ap-southeast-2: HVM64: ami-09a5c873bc79530d9 ap-south-1: HVM64: ami-062df10d14676e201 us-east-2: HVM64: ami-097a2df4ac947655f ca-central-1: HVM64: ami-0a7154091c5c6623e sa-east-1: HVM64: ami-04b3c23ec8efcc2d6 AWSRegionArchRhelAMI: us-east-1: HVM64: ami-0149b2da6ceec4bb0 us-west-2: HVM64: ami-0c09c7eb16d3e8e70 us-west-1: HVM64: ami-03f6d497fceb40069 eu-west-1: HVM64: ami-0fd8802f94ed1c969 eu-west-2: HVM64: ami-04842bc62789b682e eu-west-3: HVM64: ami-064736ff8301af3ee eu-central-1: HVM64: ami-06148e0e81e5187c8 ap-northeast-1: HVM64: ami-09b18720cb71042df ap-northeast-2: HVM64: ami-07d16c043aa8e5153 ap-northeast-3: HVM64: ami-09d2f3a31110c6ad4 ap-southeast-1: HVM64: ami-00e912d13fbb4f225 ap-southeast-2: HVM64: ami-055166f8a8041fbf1 ap-south-1: HVM64: ami-024c319d5d14b463e us-east-2: HVM64: ami-0d5bf08bc8017c83b ca-central-1: HVM64: ami-043a72cf696697251 sa-east-1: HVM64: ami-00742e66d44c13cd9 Resources: EC2Instance: CreationPolicy: ResourceSignal: Timeout: PT10M Count: "1" Type: AWS::EC2::Instance Metadata: AWS::CloudFormation::Init: configSets: full_install: - install_and_enable_cfn_hup install_and_enable_cfn_hup: files: /etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf: content: !Sub | [main] stack=${AWS::StackId} region=${AWS::Region} mode: "000400" owner: root group: root /etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf: content: !Sub | [cfn-auto-reloader-hook] triggers=post.update path=Resources.EC2Instance.Metadata.AWS::CloudFormation::Init action=/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v --stack ${AWS::StackName} --resource EC2Instance --configsets InstallAndRun --region ${AWS::Region} runas=root mode: "000400" owner: root group: root /lib/systemd/system/cfn-hup.service: content: | [Unit] Description=cfn-hup daemon [Service] Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/cfn-hup Restart=always [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target commands: 01enable_cfn_hup: command: systemctl enable cfn-hup.service 02start_cfn_hup: command: systemctl start cfn-hup.service Properties: InstanceType: !Ref InstanceType SubnetId: !Ref SubnetId SecurityGroupIds: - !GetAtt InstanceSecurityGroup.GroupId KeyName: !Ref KeyName ImageId: !If - ubuntu2004Version - !FindInMap - AWSRegionArch2004AMI - !Ref 'AWS::Region' - HVM64 - !If - ubuntu2204Version - !FindInMap - AWSRegionArch2204AMI - !Ref 'AWS::Region' - HVM64 - !FindInMap - AWSRegionArchRhelAMI - !Ref 'AWS::Region' - HVM64 UserData: !If - notrhel - Fn::Base64: Fn::Sub: | #!/bin/bash -xe sudo apt-get update -y sudo apt-get -y install python3-pip mkdir -p /opt/aws/ sudo pip3 install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-py3-latest.tar.gz sudo ln -s /usr/local/init/ubuntu/cfn-hup /etc/init.d/cfn-hup /usr/local/bin/cfn-init -v --stack ${AWS::StackName} --resource EC2Instance --configsets full_install --region ${AWS::Region} /usr/local/bin/cfn-signal -e $? --stack ${AWS::StackName} --resource EC2Instance --region ${AWS::Region} - Fn::Base64: Fn::Sub: | #!/bin/bash -xe sudo apt-get update -y sudo apt-get -y install python3-pip mkdir -p /opt/aws/ sudo pip3 install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-py3-latest.tar.gz sudo ln -s /usr/local/init/ubuntu/cfn-hup /etc/init.d/cfn-hup /usr/local/bin/cfn-init -v --stack ${AWS::StackName} --resource EC2Instance --configsets full_install --region ${AWS::Region} /usr/local/bin/cfn-signal -e $? --stack ${AWS::StackName} --resource EC2Instance --region ${AWS::Region} InstanceSecurityGroup: Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup Properties: GroupDescription: Enable SSH access via port 22 SecurityGroupIngress: - IpProtocol: tcp FromPort: "22" ToPort: "22" CidrIp: !Ref SSHLocation
**注意：**使用 multi-user.target 將 systemd 設為現有啟動目標的相依項目。
建立堆疊後，連線至執行個體。
若要確認 cfn-hup 服務在啟動堆疊後是否成功啟動，請執行下列命令：
systemctl status cfn-hup
輸出範例：
cfn-hup.service - cfn-hup daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/cfn-hup.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2016-10-12 08:10:26 EDT; 1min 11s ago Main PID: 4852 (cfn-hup) CGroup: /system.slice/cfn-hup.service └─4852 /usr/bin/python /opt/aws/bin/cfn-hup Oct 12 08:10:26 ip-172-31-44-180.ec2.internal systemd[1]: Started cfn-hup daemon. Oct 12 08:10:26 ip-172-31-44-180.ec2.internal systemd[1]: Starting cfn-hup daemon...
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