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如何解決使用 CloudFormation 時，在 Amazon Redshift 中收到的 IAM 角色錯誤？
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我想在 AWS CloudFormation 中建立 Amazon Redshift 叢集或排程動作。但是，我收到「IAM 角色必須委派對 Amazon Redshift 帳戶的存取權」AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) 角色錯誤。
簡短描述
當您嘗試在 CloudFormation 中建立 Amazon Redshift 叢集或排程動作時，您收到以下錯誤訊息：
「IAM 角色無效。IAM 角色必須將存取權委派給 Amazon Redshift 帳戶。」
若要解決此問題，您必須在 CloudFormation 範本參數中定義 IAM 角色，以便叢集可以存取其他 AWS 服務。
解決方案
以 YAML 格式更新 CloudFormation 範本參數
若要以 YAML 格式更新 CloudFormation 範本參數，請完成下列步驟：
-
定義參數以建立堆疊：
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 Description: Create Redshift Stack. Parameters: Environment: Description: Environment of the resources. Type: String Default: staging AllowedValues: - production - staging - testing Name: Description: Cluster name. Type: String Default: 'mycluster' Service: Description: Service name. Type: String Default: redshift AllowedValues: - redshift DatabaseName: Description: Database name. Type: String Default: dev AllowedPattern: "([a-z]|[0-9])+" ClusterType: Description: The type of cluster Type: String Default: multi-node AllowedValues: - single-node - multi-node NumberOfNodes: Description: Compute nodes count. For multi-node clusters, the NumberOfNodes parameter must be greater than 1 Type: Number Default: '2' NodeType: Description: The type of node to be provisioned Type: String Default: dc2.large AllowedValues: - dc2.large - dc2.8xlarge - ra3.4xlarge - ra3.16xlarge MasterUsername: Description: Master user name. Type: String Default: awsuser AllowedPattern: "([a-z])([a-z]|[0-9])*" MasterUserPassword: Description: Master user password. Must have a length of 8-64 characters, contain one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter, and one number. Also only contain printable ASCII characters except for '/', '@', '"', ' ', '\' and '\'. Type: String NoEcho: 'true' PortNumber: Description: The port number on which the cluster accepts incoming connections. Type: Number Default: '5439' Conditions: IsMultiNodeCluster: Fn::Equals: - Ref: ClusterType - multi-node**注意：**最佳做法是在堆疊範本中使用動態參考。如需最佳做法的詳細資訊，請參閱 CloudFormation 的安全最佳做法。
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使用下列範本為 Amazon RedShift 建立 IAM 角色，以便在其存取其他 AWS 服務時承擔該角色：
Resources: RedshiftRole: Type: AWS::IAM::Role Properties: RoleName: !Sub ${Environment}-${Name}-${Service} AssumeRolePolicyDocument: Version: '2012-10-17' Statement: - Effect: Allow Principal: Service: - redshift.amazonaws.com Action: - sts:AssumeRole Condition: StringEquals: sts:ExternalId: !Sub 'arn:aws:redshift:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:dbuser:${Environment}-${Name}-${Service}/awsuser' Path: "/" -
在 Policies (政策) 下，指定要附加到 IAM 角色的 IAM 政策：
Policies: - PolicyName: policy-s3 PolicyDocument: Version: 2012-10-17 Statement: - Effect: Allow Action: - 's3:AbortMultipartUpload' - 's3:GetBucketLocation' - 's3:ListBucket' - 's3:ListBucketMultipartUploads' - 's3:GetObject' - 's3:PutObject' Resource: - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier1" - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier1/log-internal-${Service}/*" - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier2" - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier2/*" - Effect: Allow Action: - 's3:DeleteObject' Resource: - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier1/log-internal-${Service}/*" - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier2/*" - PolicyName: policy-cloudwatch PolicyDocument: Version: 2012-10-17 Statement: - Effect: Allow Action: - 'logs:CreateLogGroup' - 'logs:CreateLogStream' - 'logs:PutLogEvents' Resource: "*" -
使用以下範本和 Fn::GetAtt 函數來建立 Amazon Redshift 叢集，並包含 RedshiftRole：
RedshiftCluster: Type: AWS::Redshift::Cluster Properties: IamRoles: - Fn::GetAtt: [ RedshiftRole, Arn ] AllowVersionUpgrade: true AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod: 7 ClusterIdentifier: !Sub ${Environment}-${Name}-${Service} ClusterVersion: 1.0 ClusterType: Ref: ClusterType NumberOfNodes: Fn::If: - IsMultiNodeCluster - Ref: NumberOfNodes - Ref: AWS::NoValue NodeType: Ref: NodeType DBName: Ref: DatabaseName MasterUsername: Ref: MasterUsername MasterUserPassword: Ref: MasterUserPassword Port: Ref: PortNumber PreferredMaintenanceWindow: Sun:18:30-Sun:19:30 PubliclyAccessible: yes AvailabilityZone: !Select [0, !GetAZs ""]**注意：**不正確的 IAM 角色參考 (例如 Ref) 會導致錯誤。
以 JSON 格式更新 CloudFormation 範本參數
若要以 JSON 格式更新 CloudFormation 範本參數，請完成下列步驟：
-
定義參數以建立堆疊：
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Description": "Create Redshift Stack.", "Parameters": { "Environment": { "Description": "Environment of the resources.", "Type": "String", "Default": "staging", "AllowedValues": [ "production", "staging", "testing" ] }, "Name": { "Description": "Cluster name.", "Type": "String", "Default": "mycluster" }, "Service": { "Description": "Service name.", "Type": "String", "Default": "redshift", "AllowedValues": [ "redshift" ] }, "DatabaseName": { "Description": "Database name.", "Type": "String", "Default": "dev", "AllowedPattern": "([a-z]|[0-9])+" }, "ClusterType": { "Description": "The type of cluster", "Type": "String", "Default": "multi-node", "AllowedValues": [ "single-node", "multi-node" ] }, "NumberOfNodes": { "Description": "Compute nodes count. For multi-node clusters, the NumberOfNodes parameter must be greater than 1", "Type": "Number", "Default": "2" }, "NodeType": { "Description": "The type of node to be provisioned", "Type": "String", "Default": "dc2.large", "AllowedValues": [ "dc2.large", "dc2.8xlarge", "ra3.4xlarge", "ra3.16xlarge" ] }, "MasterUsername": { "Description": "Master user name.", "Type": "String", "Default": "awsuser", "AllowedPattern": "([a-z])([a-z]|[0-9])*" }, "MasterUserPassword": { "Description": "Master user password. Must have a length of 8-64 characters, contain one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter, and one number. Also only contain printable ASCII characters except for '/', '@', '\"', ' ', '\\' and '\\'.", "Type": "String", "NoEcho": "true" }, "PortNumber": { "Description": "The port number on which the cluster accepts incoming connections.", "Type": "Number", "Default": "5439" } }, "Conditions": { "IsMultiNodeCluster": { "Fn::Equals": [ { "Ref": "ClusterType" }, "multi-node" ] } }, -
使用以下範本建立 IAM 角色，以存取您的 Amazon Redshift 叢集：
"Resources": { "RedshiftRole": { "Type": "AWS::IAM::Role", "Properties": { "RoleName": { "Fn::Sub": "${Environment}-${Name}-${Service}" }, "AssumeRolePolicyDocument": { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Principal": { "Service": [ "redshift.amazonaws.com" ] }, "Action": [ "sts:AssumeRole" ], "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "sts:ExternalId": { "Fn::Sub": "arn:aws:redshift:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:dbuser:${Environment}-${Name}-${Service}/awsuser" } } } } ] }, "Path": "/", -
在 Policies (政策) 下，指定要附加到 IAM 角色的 IAM 政策：
"Policies": [ { "PolicyName": "policy-s3", "PolicyDocument": { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "s3:AbortMultipartUpload", "s3:GetBucketLocation", "s3:ListBucket", "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads", "s3:GetObject", "s3:PutObject" ], "Resource": [ { "Fn::Sub": "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier1" }, { "Fn::Sub": "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier1/log-internal-${Service}/*" }, { "Fn::Sub": "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier2" }, { "Fn::Sub": "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier2/*" } ] }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "s3:DeleteObject" ], "Resource": [ { "Fn::Sub": "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier1/log-internal-${Service}/*" }, { "Fn::Sub": "arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-${Name}-tier2/*" } ] } ] } }, { "PolicyName": "policy-cloudwatch", "PolicyDocument": { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "logs:CreateLogGroup", "logs:CreateLogStream", "logs:PutLogEvents" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } } ] } }, -
使用以下範本和 Fn::GetAtt 函數來建立 Amazon Redshift 叢集，並包含 RedshiftRole：
"RedshiftCluster": { "Type": "AWS::Redshift::Cluster", "Properties": { "IamRoles": [ { "Fn::GetAtt": [ "RedshiftRole", "Arn" ] } ], "AllowVersionUpgrade": true, "AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": 7, "ClusterIdentifier": { "Fn::Sub": "${Environment}-${Name}-${Service}" }, "ClusterVersion": 1, "ClusterType": { "Ref": "ClusterType" }, "NumberOfNodes": { "Fn::If": [ "IsMultiNodeCluster", { "Ref": "NumberOfNodes" }, { "Ref": "AWS::NoValue" } ] }, "NodeType": { "Ref": "NodeType" }, "DBName": { "Ref": "DatabaseName" }, "MasterUsername": { "Ref": "MasterUsername" }, "MasterUserPassword": { "Ref": "MasterUserPassword" }, "Port": { "Ref": "PortNumber" }, "PreferredMaintenanceWindow": "Sun:18:30-Sun:19:30", "PubliclyAccessible": "true", "AvailabilityZone": { "Fn::Select": [ 0, { "Fn::GetAZs": "" } ] } } } } }
在 CloudFormation 中建立新堆疊
更新範本參數後，使用 JSON 或 YAML 範本建立新的 CloudFormation 堆疊。
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